DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTIONING OF LANGUAGES IN THE REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

The article highlights the problems of the formation of the language situation in the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the factors of a political, social, geographical, demographic, and migration nature that influence the nature of the language situation, as well as the development of the state and other languages.

The relevance of the topic of the article is justified by the fact that the regional aspect of the functioning of languages in the country is insufficiently studied in sociolinguistics. Most studies consider language problems in the republic as a whole. The Republic of Kazakhstan is a multilingual country inhabited by different ethnic groups. They are unevenly distributed across the regions, which creates an unequal ethnic and linguistic situation.

The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that the regional aspect of sociolinguistic research is based on new statistical data, as well as on the nature of modern geopolitical and social relations in the republic that have developed in recent decades

The article uses methods of sociolinguistic research: methods of analysis, synthesis, observation, statistical method, methods of comparison and comparison, etc.

The theoretical basis of the research consists of the works of well-known foreign and Kazakh sociolinguists, legislative documents covering the problems of the functioning of languages in multilingual states.

The practical significance of the results of the article can be used in university practice when giving lectures and conducting seminars on general linguistics. sociolinguistics, when writing theses, master's and doctoral dissertations, when performing scientific research.

As a result of the analysis of statistical data on the distribution of ethnic groups based on the materials of population Censuses, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that the nature of the current linguistic situation affects the functioning of the state and other languages. It is revealed that the geopolitical situation, economic instability, the predominance of the Russian-speaking population, low birth rate, the peculiarities of internal and external migration, the predominance of urban population over rural, the predominant use of the Russian language in public life in the northern and eastern regions are a hindering factor in the development of the state language. It is shown that the predominance of the titular nation in comparison with other ethnic groups, the number of educational institutions with the Kazakh language of instruction, as well as the use of the Kazakh language in many spheres of public life contribute to the development of the state language in the southern and western regions.

The author of the article comes to the conclusion that for the development of the state language, it is necessary to take into account the regional aspect and develop the necessary scientific and practical recommendations.