INFLUENCE OF DEMOGRAPHIC FACTOR ON THE LANGUAGE SITUATION IN THE EASTERN REGION

Abstract

The functioning of languages in a multilingual state has its own peculiarities. The language situation in such a state is formed as a result of the influence of various factors on the use of languages. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, the functioning of the Kazakh language and the Russian languages were influenced by historical, political, geographical, economic, demographic factors. All these extralinguistic factors are closely interrelated. The demographic factor, which is considered in this article, in various periods of the historical development of the republic influenced the formation of the linguistic situation, the functioning of the state language, the Russian language and the languages of other ethnic groups.

The scientific novelty of the research topic of the article lies in the fact that the demographic factor is considered separately as one of the significant factors that had a significant impact on the development of the language situation in the eastern region of Kazakhstan.

The theoretical foundations of the study of the language situation are the works of foreign and Kazakhstani sociolinguists, legislative and regulatory documents on language policy, census data, demographers, etc

The scientific and practical significance of the study lies in the socio-linguistic zoning of the territory of modern Kazakhstan and the development of a mechanism for the development of the state language and other languages, depending on the linguistic conditions of each region.

The article uses scientific research methods: analysis, synthesis, comparative method, statistical method, observation, etc.

The results of the research can be used in conducting research works, in the university audience when giving lectures and conducting seminars on sociolinguistics, general linguistics, when writing theses, master's and doctoral dissertations

The authors of the article analyzed demographic data on a large static material, which showed that the language situation in the eastern region has features due to the processes of external and internal migration. The external migration of ethnic groups was carried out as a result of economic and political processes characteristic of the entire republic in Soviet and post-Soviet times. The resettlement of ethnic groups had a negative impact on the development of the social functions of the Kazakh language as the language of the titular nation. The predominance of Russian-speaking ethnic groups in the population contributed to the development and expansion of the social functions of the Russian language. The processes of departure from the region of such ethnic groups as Russians, Germans, Ukrainians, Belarusians, and the entry of Kazakhs from foreign countries are characteristic of the post-Soviet period. Internal migration occurred due to economic development within the region. Economic instability forces representatives of the rural population to move to large settlements in search of permanent earnings. One of the components of demographic processes is the natural growth of the population: fertility and mortality.

The change in the language situation leads to a change in the scope of the functions of languages in the spheres of public life of the region. The functioning of the state and Russian languages as the dominant languages in the region is shown by the example of the education sector.