VERBS OF SPEECH IN KAZAKH, RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES AS A MEANS OF EXPRESSING PERFORMATIVITY

Abstract

This article discusses the universal linguistic category of performativity, the performative function as its categorical feature, the conditions of implementation and the actual verbs of speech of the Kazakh, English, Russian languages ​​as the main means of expressing performativity in these languages.

 Being a semantic-syntactic pragmatic category, performativity manifests itself in speech, requires a special context and strictly defined grammatical forms, which are universal, characteristic of each of the analyzed languages, but at the same time have specific manifestations, which was the subject of this study and determines its relevance and scientific novelty.

 The goals and objectives of the work determine the use of universal descriptive and comparative research methods, as well as specific linguistic methods: component analysis, decomposition of pragmatic meaning into semantic primitives (A. Wezhbitskaya), testing for performativity (J. Austin, Z. Wendler, Yu.D. Apresyan), which made it possible to identify the correspondence of conditions, forms, units for expressing performativity as a complex semantic-syntactic category that arises in the conditions of speech of communicants, regardless of the language of communication - Kazakh, English or Russian.

Observations and analysis of fragments from classical works of art of Kazakh, English, Russian literature of the 19th-20th centuries, data from dictionaries, including the National Corpus of the Russian Language, the Almaty Corpus of the Kazakh Language showed that the core of performativity is actually verbs of speech, the dictionary interpretation of which contains the seme 'to communicate through one's voice'. At the same time, the polysemantic Russian verb to speak, the semantics of which includes, in addition to the above, the semes ‘pronounce’, ‘express / express’, ‘talk’ in the Kazakh language correspond to the verbs of speech proper aitu, deu, soileu, and in English - to say, to tell, to speak, to talk, which brings its own characteristics to their specific representations in a particular language.

The results obtained supplement the discursive approach to the analysis of language in the process of live communication of communicants with a focus on speech as an illocutive act and can be used in university courses in the training of linguists, philologists, translators from undergraduate to higher levels.