NATIONAL FEATURES OF DISCOURSE

Abstract

Discourse is the main problem considered by discursology, formed within the anthropocentric paradigm of linguistics. The discourse reflects not only different strategies of presenting information, but also cognitively reflects reality, and this, in turn, shows that it is possible to talk about the national specifics of the discourse.

The purpose of the scientific research: to identify the national characteristics of the Kazakh, Russian, English-language discourse by comparing the words бойтұмар (amulet), хан (king), wealth and related proverbs and sayings, set expressions as a discursive unit. Main directions and ideas: in the course of achieving the set purpose, a scientific and theoretical review of works related to the proposed problem, a conceptual and discursive analysis of the research materials were carried out.

The scientific significance of the research is determined by a clear formulation of the features of the national discourse: 1) in the national discourse, the national behavior of the people is assimilated through the language by the side that knows the language; 2) in the national discourse, the linguistic personality is formed by public consciousness, way of life, customs and values, feeling and perception of the world of its people; 3) the system of the national language performs the function of a source that determines national behavior in discourse. The practical significance of the work is determined by the presentation of a clear model of the conceptual analysis of three words in Kazakh, Russian, English, thereby suitability of its usage in other similar areas.

Brief description of the research methodology. The words boytumar, khan, wealth and related proverbs, stable expressions in the cognitive and linguocultural aspect, taken as research material, are studied. The meanings of these units, recorded in explanatory, synonymous, phraseological dictionaries, their informative content and cognitive image in continuity, are studied using the method of conceptual and discursive analysis.

The main results and analysis, conclusions of the research work: behind one lexical form in each language, various concepts can be hidden that arise against the background of its history and culture. Therefore, cultural, linguistic, cultural-historical, psychological and social factors directly influence the development of discourse. The results of the analysis showed that not only the language, but also the culture of the speakers of this language plays a decisive role in the direct expression of the national characteristics of the discourse.

The value of the study lies in the fact that the study of discourse in the cognitive and linguocultural aspects, as well as by comparing the units of the Kazakh, Russian and English languages, complements and improves the theoretical conclusions of discourse studies. The fact that the results of the work can be used for other studies for the purpose of cognitive and linguoculturological, comparative research of discourse determines its practical significance.