TEXT AND DISCOURSE AS THE MAIN FORMS OF COMMUNICATION

Abstract

The article examines the views of A.E. Karlinsky on two main means of communication: text and discourse, which are presented on the basis of the triad: language, speech and speech activity. Text and discourse have much in common, correlating with language as a systemic-structural formation, but there are also significant differences between them.

Analyzing the scientific works of the scientist, the authors of the article systematize and generalize his ideas about the text and discourse. It is noted that A.E. Karlinsky designated the text as the main, along with discourse, form of communication. The scientist clearly defines the methods and techniques of text analysis. According to A.E. Karlinsky, text analysis is the delimitation of the text, the definition of the theme of the text, the establishment of the theme of the text, the definition of the structure of the text, the identification of the peculiarities of intra-linguistic relations, the definition of stylistic features, the establishment of the pragmatic essence of the text.

According to A.E. Karlinsky, the text, along with discourse, is a macro-unit of communicative linguistics, as it is divided in the process of analysis into smaller units, such as: a sentence, a phrase, a word.

A.E. Karlinsky defines the discourse as "a coherent oral message, taking into account all extralinguistic factors." The author identifies the following features of discourse: discourse is the process of speech production in sound form, spontaneous speech in a specific situation, taking into account verbal and non-verbal means. For any type of discourse, personal, visual and auditory contact between the participants in the communication is mandatory, while textual transmission of information does not provide for such direct contact.

The article indicates that in modern linguistic research, the positions of the scientist associated with these two fundamental concepts of the communicative direction of linguistics continue to develop. It is noted that currently one of the important methodological problems is the issue of differentiation and correlation of the concepts of "discourse" and "text". At the same time, interest in the applied use of the theory of text and discourse is growing, in particular, problems related to Internet discourse occupy a special place in modern studies of text and discourse.

The conclusions made in the article are interesting both for specialists in the field of linguistics, communication, and for students of linguistic specialties in terms of studying the history of the formation of the most important theoretical concepts of science.