THE DEVELOPMENT OF KAZAKH EPISTOLARY PROSE OF THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY

Abstract

The article examines open letters and written data of the Kazakh intelligentsia of the early twentieth century related to the fate of the nation, language problems, as well as their private letters from correspondence with prominent state and public figures, writers, ordinary readers.

The purpose of the article is to examine the letters of Kazakh writers of the early twentieth century, to determine the content of their letters, the artistic structure, the idea of society and the realities of time. Thus, it can be stated that the Kazakh intelligentsia showed great thoroughness to the epistolary genre. To achieve this goal, work was carried out on the selection and thematic classification of epistolary works of the early twentieth century. The content of letters of A.Bukeikhanov, A.Baitursynov, M.Shokay, S.Seifullin, S.Mukanov on various topics was disclosed and analyzed. In addition, the expression of the epistolary genre in fiction was taken into account. In addition, the authors took into account the use of elements of the epistolary genre in works of fiction. Epistolary works of the early twentieth century were not previously the object of study by Russian literary critics. The authors of the article fill this gap and thematically classify the epistolary genre in the literature of the twentieth century.

In the course of writing the article, traditional methods of scientific analysis and synthesis, chronological, complex analysis were taken as a basis.

Thanks to the analysis of correspondence between writers at the beginning of the twentieth century, it was found that most often they deal with the fate of literature, a work of art, the heritage of the nation, the situation of the people, the problem of the native land. The author classifies the epistolary prose of the early twentieth century as follows: letters written on social issues of the country; letters written on science and education, language problems; letters showing samples of friendly communication; epistolary genre samples found in works of fiction.

The article contributes to the study of the discipline «Literary Criticism» taught in higher educational institutions. The results of the research can be used as additional educational material in preparation for lectures and practical classes designed to familiarize with the life and work of writers.